HBD 2 : To hope is to believe that something positive, which does not presently apply to one's life, could still materialize, and so we yearn for it.The hopeful person subjectively assesses what is desired for the future to be probable or important as to constrain belief and behaviour to be grounded upon its possibility. HBD 1 : Hope is that general tendency to construct and respond to the perceived future positive.The anticipation may or may not be founded on concrete, real world evidence…Hope is an anticipation of a future which is good and is based upon: mutuality (relationships with others), a sense of personal competence, coping ability, psychological well-being, purpose and meaning in life, as well as a sense of ‘the possible. Hope (as Anticipation) (HA) : Hope is a state of being characterized by an anticipation for a continued good state, an improved state, or a release from a perceived entrapment.Hope 3 : a thinking process that involves an agency and pathways for one’s goals (Snyder et al.The hope network is designed to regulate these systems via both feed-forward (expansion) and feedback processes (maintenance) that generate a greater perceived probability of power and presence as well as protection and liberation. The four constituent channels are the mastery, attachment, survival, and spiritual systems (or subnetworks). Hope 2 : a future-directed, four-channel emotion network, constructed from biological, psychological, and social resources.Hope 1 : Hope most generally refers to a desire for positive futures that are considered possible, either theoretically or in practice, but not guaranteed. HERE AND NOW OPTIMISM : optimism about states of affairs within a more tightly circumscribed temporal horizon (e.g., about matters right now or tomorrow or the next day) (Bassett et al. 2008)ĮXPLANATORY STYLE OPTIMISM : how people typically explain negative events – explanation of negative events in terms of causal factors that are external to the person, unstable, and specific (Buchanan and Seligman 1995) Dispositional Optimism 2 : a personality variable, relatively stable across time and context, whose defining characteristic is an expectation that good things rather than bad will generally happen (Scheier and Carver 1992)ĮASQ : Expanded Attributional Style Questionnaire (Peterson & Villanova, 1988)ĮND OF THE STORY OPTIMISM : optimism about the way the story of life (or one’s life) will end (Bassett et al.Dispositional Optimism 1 : a stable expectation that good things will happen (Andersson 2012).Big Optimism 3 : larger and less specific expectations than those of LITTLE OPTIMISM (Peterson 2000)ĬROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY : measures different groups in a sample who differ according to the target variable.Big Optimism 2 : an intellectual optimism projected onto a large canvas (Bennett 2011a).Big Optimism 1 : an attitude towards progress and the general advancement of humanity (Bennett 2011a).This abridged lexicon explains some of the terms and concepts relevant to the study of hope, optimism, and related states.ĪSQ: Attributional Style Questionnaire (developed to measure ATTRIBUTIONAL-EXPLANATORY STYLE OPTIMISM) (Peterson et al., 1982)ĪTTRIBUTIONAL-EXPLANATORY STYLE OPTIMISM: explanation of negative events in terms of external, unstable and specific causes and explanation of positive events in terms of internal, stable, global causes
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